Maize yield and nitrogen-use characteristics were promoted as consistently improved soil fertility: 6-year straw incorporation in Northeast China

Long-term impacts of straw incorporation on soil fertility, and maize production nitrogen (N) use status had not been thoroughly investigated in Northeast China, the most vital agricultural base across nation. We conducted a consecutive 6-year field experiment, including amendment at 4 000, 8 000 12 kg/ha, no was set as control. Our experiment confirmed that grain yield crop N uptake treatments were raised due to consistently improved fertility indices (associated with cycling), larger addition generally exerted more profound influences. Boosted harvest index (NHI) indicated efficiency (NUE) gradually enhanced if applying straw. More specifically, greater caused higher recovery from N, even though accumulated declined accordingly (considering fertiliser besides N). Thus, these trends suggested efficient utilisation by probable reason for elevated NUE over multi-year time series. research offered helpful insight optimally employ fertilisation coordinating sustainability environmental protection.